Pediatric esophageal atresia is absence or abnormal narrowing of an opening in the body. It is a congenital defect of the esophagus that occurs in early stages of pregnancy while the baby is developing. The condition occurs due to malformation consisting of discontinuity between the upper and lower esophageal pouches. The defect is frequently associated with tracheoesophageal fistula. In tracheoesophageal fistula, babies have their esophagus abnormally attached with windpipe (trachea). In normal cases, during the early stages of fetal development, the esophagus and windpipe forms a hollow tube joining the mouth to stomach. However, in newborn babies with this congenital defect, the esophagus dose not grow to form a single hollow tube connecting the wind pipe, and instead two separate tubes are formed. The gap between these tubes can be short or very long. This defect needs to be corrected by surgical method to prevent fluids from the esophagus entering the windpipe of the infan
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